Aeroplane.



PA TENTED JULY 21, 1908.

B. B. WARNER.

- AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 1, 1908.

I HPI IIHI EVERETT E. WARNER, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Lett-ers Patent.

Patented July 21, 1908.

Application filed April 1, 1908, Serial No. 424,582.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownthat' I, EVERETT E. WARNER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and useful Aeroplane, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the kiteor flight sustaining and guiding wings, flaps and planes of anaeroplane.

The object of this invention is to provide a very simple, chea and lightconstruction which is stable and which is so buo ant that it requiresbut a comparative y small gmgunt of power to sustain and control its Theembodiment of the invention illustrated by the drawings and describedherein has an adjustable tip or steering head with vane-like supportingand current directing flaps ad'acent to the head, a supporting or kitesu ace, the major part of which is back of the middle, an adjustableflap or tail piece for assisting the control of the upward and downwarddirection of flight, and side wings for assisting the control of fii htacross the wind. The lifting and prope mgwings and the car with themechanism for operating the wings are not illustrated, for the form nopart of the present invention. T e elevating wings, may, if desired, besuch as are shownand described in Patent No. 881 ,836, issued to myselfon March 10, 1908. The,

car may be formed of any light material suitably hung beneath the plane.3

Figure 1 of the aecompan ing drawings shows a lan of one form 0 an aerolane which em odies the invention. Fig.2 s ows an ed e view of the sameand Fig. 3 shows a view ooking at the front end of the head of the lane.

T e main frame of the form of invention illustrated consists of alongitudinally extending back-bone 1, a transversely extending body rib2, a transversely extending head rib 3 and a transversely extending tailrib 4. These arts may be securely connected in any suitable manner andmay be made of such light wood as bamboo, or may be made of light metalsuch as aluminum formed into tubular or other cross sectional shapes,which have the necessary stren th and requisite lightness. The ends of tese ribs are guyed and stayed preferably by wires or cords 5. The stayscan of course be made of other material if desired.

Below the frame and fastened to the body rib 2 and tail rib 4 and theguys 5 is a sheet 6 of thin light material, such as oil-silk, whichforms the main body or kite section of the aero lane. This section, themajor part of whic is back of the middle, and which is preferably widerat the front end than at the rear end, may, if desired, be made of.other fabric having suitable strength and lightness or may be made up offeathers.

Under the bow section of the main frame, which in the form shown isnarrowest at the front end, are arranged a number of flaps or vanes 7.In the device shown there are two of these vanes, and they arepreferably formed of oil-silk but may be formed of other strong lightfabric or feathers. The forward of' these'vanes is attached at its frontedge to the head rib 3 and the rear vane has its front edge attached tothe transverse wire or cord 8. The side edges and rear edges of thesevanes are preferably free, and the rear edge of the front vane underlapsthe front edge of the vane back of it,.so that the rear edges of thevane'can drop down. Wires or cords 9, 10 and 11 are arrangedtransversely across the bow sectiqn for the purpose of staying andguying the frame, and these hold the vanes from being lifted above theplane of the frame. Between the flaps or vanes of the bow section andthe main bod is an 0. e11- ing 1.2 in which .the lifting an prope lingwings previously referred to, but not shown, are designed 'to belocated.

' The tip or head section which is referably can be held in,'or inclinedabove or belowthe plane of the frame,-as shown in dotted lines m Fig. 2.Cords or wires 21 and 22 may be. led from the ends of the cross bar 14of thehead to the endsof the yard 19 and back through the sheave. 20 tothe car for the urpose of holding the head in the plane 0 or Thesebarsare guyed and stayed oscillating it transversely with relation tothe lane of the frame,- as indicated in Fig. 3. l he head frame'iscovered with a sheet 23 of oil-silk, feathers or like light material.

The tail section has a light longitudinal rib 24 of suitable material,hinged to the main frame by a 'oint 25 so that it may be oscillated upor down with relation to the plane of the main frame. This rib is stayedor guyed by a wire or cord 26. Secured to this tail frame is the tailwhich is formed of a piece 27,0f oil-silk, feathers or similar lightmaterial. Cords or wires 28 and 29 may lead from the central rib 24around the ends of'the vertical cross-tree or yard 30 through the sheave20 to the car for the purpose of holding the tail in the plane of, oroscillating it above or below the plane of the main section of the body.

At the ends of the main transverse rib 2 are hinged rods or tubes 31' towhich are connected flag-like wing sections 32 of silk, feathers or thelike. The side and rear edges of these flag-like sections are preferablyfree and connected with the rods 31 are cords or wires 33 which leadthrough the sheave 20 to the car for the urpose of swinging the wings inor out, as illustrated in Fig. 1 Similar flag-like wings 34 may bearranged at the rear end of the body'in the same way and provided withcord or wires 35 by means of which these wingsmay be positioned.

' When this aeroplane is in motion the head may be tilted up or down forthe purpose of causing the flight to be deflected upwardly or downwardlyand the tail may also be elevated or depressed to assist in directingthe plane upwardly or downwardly. The head may also be oscillatedtransversely for changing the course of the plane or for compensatingfor the direction of the wind. The flaglike wings are moved inwardly oroutwardly according to the direction of the wind, that is, if the windis blowing across the plane the flags on the windward side are drawn in,and the flags on the leeward side are moved outwardly. During flight thefree rear edges of the transverse vanes or fiapstend to hang downwardly.If the plane is falling or the air currents are greatest from beneath,the vanes close and provide a supporting surface. If the plane is risingor the air currents are greatest from above, the vanes slightly open andallow the air to pass through and strike against the main kite back ofthe center and tend to lift it and keep it on a horizontal plane.

The invention claimedis:

1. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like su porting surfaceattached to the frame main y back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, a head attached at the bow and vanes back of the head, with aspace between the vanes and the main kite, substantially as specified.

2. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like supporting surfaceattached to the frame mainly back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, means for oscillating the tail upwardly and downwardly withrelation to the plane of the main kite, a head attached at the bow andvanes back of the head, with a space between the van'es and the mainkite, substantially as specified.

3. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like supporting surfaceattached to the frame mainly back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, a head attached at the bow, means for oscillating the headupwardly and downwardly with relation to the lane of the main kite, andvanes back of the ead, with a space between the vanes and the main kite,substantially as specified.

4. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like su porting surfaceattached to the frame main y back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, means for oscillating the tail upwardly and downwardly withrelation to the plane of the main kite, a head attached at the bow,means for oscillating the head u wardly and downwardly with relation tot e lane of the main kite and vanes back of the ead, with a spacebetween the vanes and the main kite, substantially as specified.

5. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like supporting surfaceattached to the frame mainly back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, means for oscillating the tail upwardly and downwardly withrelation to the plane of the main kite, a head attached at the bow,means for oscillating the head transversely of the plane of the mainkite and vanes back of the head with a space between the vanes and themain kite, substantially as specified.

. 6. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like su porting sectionattached tothe frame main y back of the middle, a tail attached at thestern, a head attached at the bow,.means for oscillating the headupwardly and downwardly, means for oscillating the head transverselywith. relation to the main kite and vanes back of the head with a spacebetween the vanes and the main kite, substantially as specified.

7. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like supporting surfaceattached to the main frame mainly back of the middle, a tail attached atthe stern, means for oscillating the tail above or below the plane ofthe main kite, a head attached at the bow, means for oscillating thehead u wardly 'dr downwardly and means for oscil ating the headtransversely with relation to the main kite and vanes back of the headwith a s ace between the vanes and the main kite, su stantially as Ispecified. I

8. An aeroplane having; a longitudinally extending backbone withtransverse. ribs, a supporting surface attached to the frame mainly.back of the middle, a tail frame hinged to the main frame, a tailattached to the tail frame, a head frame hin ed and pivoted to the mainframe, a hea surface 'attached to the head frame, and vanes attached tothe main frame back of the head, substan tially as specified.

9. An aeroplane having a main frame, a kite-like sup ortin surfaceattached to the frame main y bac of the middle, a tail,

frame attached to-the main frame, a tail sup-r ported by the tail frame,a head frame attached to the main frame, a head attached to the headframe, vanes attached to the main frame back of the heady and wings 15hinged to and projectin outwardly from the' main frame, substantial y asspecified.

EVERETT E, WARNER. Witnesses:

HARRY R. WILLIAMS, C. E. BUCKLAND.

